This study has been carried out to examine the features of the language used in the headlines of sports news in Turkish newspapers and how these headlines could be used in language teachingo it has been stressed that a language cannot be studied only by depending on its grammatical structure, its communicative functions should also be taken into consideration. It has been found out that headlines of sports news in Turkish newspapers have several communicative functions and these headlines could be used in language teaching to emphasize both the structure and the functions of these structures in Turkish.

Keywords: Headlines of sports news, discourse analysis, speech acts, language teaching.
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The purpose of this study is to obtain physical evidence which differentiates four levels of language in right - handed subjects whose levels of English language are intermediate, advanced. bilingual and native. The brain metabolisms of the subjcets were investigated in the light of the changing regional cerebral blood flows according to the language tasks given to the subjects. The method applied in the experiments is termed as 99mTc HMPAO (Hexamethylpropylene Amine Oxime) S.P.E.C.T (Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography). This method also necessitates intravenous injection of a radioactive element (Technetium) which is linked with a pharmaceutical Hexamethylpropylene Amine Oxime that is specific to brain. The injected substance emits gamma radiation which are detected by the gamma cameras and then turned into colored brain images. The language levels of English and the nationalities of the volunteer subjects are: l.Intermadiate (Turkish). 2. Advanced (Turkish), 3. Bilingual (British and Turkish), 4. Native Speaker (American). The experiments comprise the baseline and activation phases. The subjcets were injected the brain perfusion agent 99mTc HMPAO first and their brain images were performed with a rotating gamma camera in the baseline phase. In the activation studies, the volunteers were given a 50 question oral language proficiency test showing gradual difficulty. Approximately in the middle of the test, the subjects were injected the perfusion agent and they kept answering the questions. Mter completing the test, their brain images were taken in the same way. It can be pointed out that between baseline and activation studies there were no differences among the subjects except the volunteer whole language level of English was intermediate. It was also seen that the whole frantal cortex, particularly the left side, revealed increased brain perfusion in this volunteer subject.

Keywords: SPECT images, HMPAO (Hexamethylprapylene Amine Oxime), brain perfusion, nuclear medicine, language acquisition and learning.
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In this study, first of all, the characteristics of the neglected literary genre called short story are mentioned and it is displayed that because of these characteristics short stories are useful sources of authentic textes that can be used in the teaching of french as a foreign language. Then, an exemple analysis of short stories of G. Maupassant's La Parure and P. Merimee's Matao Falcone is given. In this analysis the relatianship between Subject (heroe) and Object is enphasized.

Keywords: Short story, French as a foreign language, La Parure , Matao Falcone.
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In this paper, it has been investigated the thymic value (valeur thymique) of the theme of Ilovel in several turkish poems according to semiotics classifications. This study tries to reveal that Ilovel is marqued as Idyspharic value!.

Keywords: Value, thymic value, euphark and dysphoric value in poems, poetry, love.
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"Jessica mit Konstruktionsfehlern" is the first novel of the award-winning contemporary Swiss novelist Claudia Storz. Like the novelist herself, the chief character in the novel suffers from Morbus Krohn. Anather common point between them is that they keep a diary, that is, they write something. The aim of this monograph is to search for the therapeutic function of the act of writing on the incurable disease which makes life difficult for its victims. It is hoped that this aim will be achieved by handling the problem from a literary point of view and by focusing attentian on how the sufferer fights with illness by employing herself mentaııy. It has alsa been the aim of this paper to examine the literary tendeney of the period in which the novel was written and the function of the act of writing on the psychological mood of the writer herseif. It has be en observed that the therapeutic function of the act of writing is not so effective on the heroine as it is on the writer herself.

Keywords: Illness, therapy, to write.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the religiosity level of individuals according to their age, gender, marital status, SES, helping sources and their views about the future. The sample of the study included 873 individuals aged above 16 years and live in Ankara between the dates of lst and 30th of April 1995. A questionaire developed by the researchers was utilized in the study. The data were analyzed by Chi-square Test. The findings have shown that men were more radical compared to women on religiosity level. There was an increase in religiosity level due to age and a decrease due to SES and educational level. Although the activities such as visiting fortune teller, shrines and giving smail amount of money, goods or commodities to the poor people are common amongst the highly religious people, belief in personal horoscope is more popular amongst the less religious ones. On the other hand, two-thirds of the respondendents have declared negative opinions about the future of the society in wich they live, the ratio was one-third amongst the respondents who have negative opinions about their own futures. Social and educational implications of these findings were discussed.

Keywords: Religiosity level, religion.
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Today, smoking is a very comınon habit among university students. it is well known that this habit is harmful not only to the smokers' health but alsa to the non-smokers' who exposed to the smokers' environs. From this perspective, the smoking habit has a social dimension. Therefore, a programıne was devised in order to help smokers to quit smoking. This research was carried out in the 1992-93 academic year, during the spring semester at Hacettepe University. In this research "a quit smoking programıne" based on a programıne lasting 20 days developed by the American Lung Association including behavioural and cognitive techniques was used. The programıne, which helps subjects to address their smoking behaviour, was practised as a group guidance. Having participated to the programıne 9 of 23 smokers quitted smoking.

Keywords: Smoking, quit smoking, a quit smoking programme.
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This artide concerns the opinions of prirİıary school teachers and supervisors and provincial directors of education on some general statements about supervisory roles and activities and administrative matters in Turkish primary education. The statistical data utilized here were gathered from a study carried out in ten provinces of Turkey for fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester, England. The entire thesis was submitted in 1993. Groups were requested to state their opinions ab out given 10 statements on a five point scale ranging from "strongiy agree" to "strongiy disagree". It is appeared from the findings that there were statistically significant differences among the views of teachers, supervisors and directors on these given general statements about supervisory roles, activities and administrative matters in Turkish primary education conceming especially with prevailing practices, rather than the conceptual ones. Although there were statistically significant differences between the views of teachers and supervisors, directors and supervisors were in accord in their views on most of the statements. A discussion related to the findings especially on the controversial ones is also produced in the last section of the article.

Keywords: Supervision, inspection, advice, guidance, investigation, administration (or management) of schools, educational activities, supervisory activities, primary schools, innovative behaviour, centralisation, decentralisation, autonomy, accountability.
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perceived by the administrators, instructors and administrative staff. Applying the survey method in the interpretation of the data which is gathered through questionnaire, the study made use of frequency distribution, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, item analysis and variant analysis. In the same context, as a result of the study the degree of communication as it is perceived by the administrators is higher than the degree of communication perceived by the instructors and the employes.

Keywords: Education, Communication, administrator, instructor, administrative staff.
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This paper deaIs with the use of spreadsheets in education. The advantages of using spreadsheets in the educational context and same suggestions made by various people in the literature are alsa address ed to encourage teachers to utilize spreadsheets in various subjects. It is emphasized that the usage of spreadsheets can only be of real value as long as theyare put into an educational context and are integrated with the major objectives of the curriculum. it was alsa pointed out that spreadsheets can be used for school management purposes and for various instructional activities.

Keywords: Spreadsheets, spreadsheets in education.
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There are approximately 24000 multigraded classes in Turkey. Unfortunately, the quality of education in these classes is law. The aim of this article is to determine same characteristics and problems of multigraded classes and to state same suggestions to heIp solve their problems.

Keywords: Multigraded classes.
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The importance of interdisciplinary teaching in causing meaningful and effective learning in students is emphasized increasingly both in the literature and in schools. Teacher education programs attempt to explore ways to integrate different subject areas in a meaningful way to prepare their students as future teachers so that they themselves can utilize the same approach in their teaching practices in schools. Interdisciplinary approach is viewed as a way of bringing together different disciplines in a meaningful and practical manner so that students perceive knowledge and skills as a whole rather than discrete pieces. This approach is consistent with our natural way of thinking, that is halistic most of the time. This artiele explores the rationale behind interdisciplinary approach to teaching and learning process and offers implications for curriculum development in schools. A model for interdisciplinary curriculum development is discussed, and ce rtain suggestions for promoting interdisciplinary teaching in our schools are offered.

Keywords: Interdisciplinary teaching, interdisciplinary curriculum, teaeher edueation.
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The literature on didactic model s offers a confused profusion of planning strategies, and especially the beginning teachers are faced with a considerable classroom dilernma. There is hardly any sufficiently well-founded theory of teaching on the basis of which specific and individual instructional model s of practice and action could be substantiated, transferred and integrated. In order to supply the newly-qualified teachers with an orientation categorical framewark for a comprehensive, flexible concept of instructional design, a few exemplary progressive, .open-minded didactic models shall be analysed and evaluated in the context of current research findings. The use of a thus wider and integrative learner-oriented didactic fundamentum is but a milestone far more independent professional practice, and beginning teachers should become conscious of the ir own models of competent good teaching

Keywords: Didactic models, planning aids, learnercentred, practitioner's challenge, professional's framework of action.
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This study examined the adjustment problems of foreign graduate students attending the University of Pittsburgh and coping strategies and sources of help utilized by those students in their efforts to dea i with the problems they face. Differences among students were examined by gender, age, marital status, and geographical region, academic level, major field, English proficieney, and sources of financial support. The data were collected using the Michigan International Student Problem Inventory (MISPI). : The sample comprised 500 foreign graduate -students from 90 countries attending University of Pittsburgh in Spring term, 1993. The major findings of the study were: O) foreign graduate students reported having the most diffjculties in English Language and Finandal Aid of the eleven problem areas of the MISPI sub-scales; (2) female students experienced significantly more problems in the Health Services and the Acadernic Records areas than male counterparts; (3) there were significant differences among the students from the five geographical regions in all problem areas except Placement services. European students reported fewer problems than the remaining four regional groups in all the problem areas; (4) in the Admission- Selection area, the students majoring in Humanities experienced significantly more problems than other groups; (5) master's students reported having than doctoral students in the Admission-selection, Academic Records, Social- Personal, Living-Dining, and English Language areas; (6) the students who had high English proficiency scores experienced significantly fewer problems than those who had low English proficieney scores; (7) the students sponsored by their home governments experienced significantly more problems with orientation services, academic records, social- personal, living-dining, religious services, andEnglish language than respondents in other groups; (8) coping strategies utilized by foreign students in adjusting were: writing letters to home, telephone calls to home, speaking to Americans, finding close friendships, taking illegal offcampus jobs, and obtaining loans from friends; and (9) the family was the most helpful in solving their adjustment problems.

Keywords: Foreign student, adjustment, adjustment problem, foreign student's adjustment problems, coping strategies, sources of help.
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This paper has concantreted on the basic concepts of learning, education, training and higher education from the different point of views. The idea of higher education and the root of the modern university has looked upon through the historical development. Than the paper has considered the higher education today and their underlying philosophy and golas. Later the study briefly has outlined the two conflicted terms of autonomyand academic freedom. The research which is the main activity of the university has shortly discussed with the impact of the technological, social and economic changes

Keywords: Autonomy, academic freedom, manpower needs, social change, economic change, gualification.
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The present study was designed to examine the faculty and students opinions about elective course system applied in the Middle East Technical University. For this purpose 91 academic staff with varying academic titles who offered the elective courses and 189 students taking elective courses were asked to write their apinions. All written opinions were examined ane-by-one and, then discussed under same comman points. In addition a set of opinions and suggestions are put forth regarding the improvement of the elective caurse system at the Middle East Technical University and cansequently other higher education institutians.

Keywords: Elective courses, üniversity.
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This study investigated the effect of integration of computer literacy skills into curriculum on 4th and 5th grades primary pupils' achievements, computer skills and attitudes toward computers. Computer literacy means that ability to be user of computers. Experimental and control groups were compared on their achievement, computer skills and attitudes toward computers. The findings showed that there was a significant differences at the p< 0.05 level between pre and post tests scores on word processing in both groups and there is also a significant differences between pre and post tests scores on achievement tests in experimental groups.

Keywords: Computer literacy, attitudes toward computers, integration of the computers, computers and curriculum.
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Although computer-based mathematics teaching is officially spoken in Turkey, there is no any program developed to prepare inservice teachers or preservice teachers to use the computer in school mathematics. If we are not abie to give an adequate answer to the question which is the title of this paper (is th computer everything in mathematics teaching?), more likely teachers will develop negative attitudes towards the idea of computer-based mathematics teaching: some will continue to see the computer as luxory in mathematics classroom or some will see it as a machine to replace the teaher. These unfavorable attitudes towards the computer technology will naturally lead teachers to reject the integration of this technology into mathematics education. This paper describes a step-by-step procedure that enables teachers to develop computer-based lessons that effectively use software in the classroom. In order to acheive this goal, the technology is first analyzed to determine its potencial power for mathematics edu cation. As a finai step, examples and suggestions are given by using different educational software.

Keywords: Teacher education, computer-based Mathematics teaching.
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Although mathematics and mathematical thinking have important place in daily life, people usually accept it as a difficult subject and a thinking process. Besides teachers come accrose with some difficulties while teaching it. The difficulty of the maths depends on its content as well as the bias and fear towards maths. The recent researches show that the achievement would be increased with a new approach in maths teachingo it is expected that student centered new mathematics teaching approach, which gives the opportunity students to express their opinions easily, enables students to improve their thinking strategies and provides students to connect relation between mathematics and daily life from the first day of the school, contribute to train students as mathematical thinking and problem solving people in spite of its bias. The improvement in maths teaching will directly effect the society as a whole.

Keywords: Mathematical thinking; Maths taeching; Measurement in math.
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Based on few data obtained from a group of mathematics teachers who participated in the inservice education and training (INSET) courses held at METU, the issues related to the organisation and general concerns are explained. In this context, the necessity for the professional development of mathematics teachers and getting competences through continuing education, the goals of more effective INSET programs and its structure are summarised in a broad line, then choosing an example among the modules called "Introduction to Calculus/Pre-calculus" which was in the content of the INSET courses, the views of mathematics teachers and their suggestions for the design of INSET programs are explored to some extent.

Keywords: Mathematics education, teaching calculus, in-service education, teachers' views, curricula, design of INSET program.
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This investigation, which was planned as a small scale experimental pilot study, evaluates the introduction to calculus unit taught in the in-service education and training (INSET) course held at METU, and explains the teachers' ideas and suggestions related to this matter. The data was collected from some of the mathematics teachers joined to the INSET program. Then the data was analysed to darify some points related to the organisation of such courses and to discuss the current issues very briefly. Although most of the teachers benefited from the INSET program, some teachers said that they did not get their expectations. The reason was the deficiency in their background and their use of English language. They also mentioned that the course was taught by traditionallecture method in a short time.

Keywords: Mathematics education, teaching calculus, in-service education, teachers' views, curricula, design of INSET program.
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In this paper, by taking into account the headlines of projections of same development in the areas of both teacher training and Mathematics Education (ME) in the world very briefly, the ideas, investigation and same designed activities related to the pre-service educatian program for mathematics teachers in the Department of Science Educatian at METU are highlighted. In this context, to achieve the minimum competencies in terms of international standards for mathematics teacher training program and ME same suggestions have been drawn up.

Keywords: Mathematics education, teacher training, pre-service education program, METUDept of Science Education.
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Procedural view of mathematics assumes that the teacher is the possessor of ready made mathematical knowledge is to be conveyed to the studeni. On the other hand, "conceptual view of mathematics" challenges the assumption that teachers transmit knowledge to students and argues that teacher's conceptualizations cannot be given directly to the learner and conceptual understanding in mathematics must be constructed by the learner. The first section of the paper starts by explaining what is meant by the term "conceptual view of mathematics". The second section deals with the current pattern of teacher education and problems in training secondary school mathematics teachers, and examines the possibilities of liberating the Turkish mathematics educatian from the procedural view of mathematics. In the last section, same possible implications for mathematics teacher educatian are discussed.

Keywords: Mathematics education, preservice teacher education.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of classroom instruction enriched with Computer Aided Instruction (CAl) on sixth grade students' science achievement. Two groups of students were involved in this study. Experimental group took classroom instruction together with Computer Aided Instructian (CAl) Whereas control group were thought by classroom instruction and recitation. Units under consideration were Static Electricity, Electrical Conduction, Electrical Circuits and Ohm's Law. t-test analysis was used to detect the differences in science achievement of two groups. Results showed a significant difference between two groups. CAl group took significantlı higher scores.

Keywords: Aided instruction (CAl) science achievement, recitation.
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The development of "Pre-Planning" and "Instructional Design" phases are regarded as the most notable elements in the appearance of software. In the pre-planning phase of the chemistry education softwares that we have developed, the general purpose, level of specific purposes, main subjects, the place of it in the curriculum should be mentioned exactly. In the instructional design phase the characteristics of the chemistry education coursware should be planned in accordance with instructional principles and researches because the chemistry education software is the process of designing chemistry education software in details in the light of both education-training processes and science. In the detailed designig phase, chemistry education coursware should be presented in details and notes should be produced related LO chemistry education by pointing out achievement ways, guiding clues and unity of the subject; besides, frame of the software should be formed by taking into consideration the aimed thoughts in the light of "educational instructional design In the process of interaction with the student, in order to prevent estimated deviations and focus them on a certain point related to answers of the student, the process should be made mechanicaliny by the help of flow charts.

Keywords: Computer assisted education, chemistry education software, pre-planning, intructional design.
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The following step after the development of teaching chemistry software is the evaluatin of it. The evaluation consist of administrering questionnaires directed to experts and putting into practice the software in student groups. The questionnaire comprises three parts in which con~ tent of the software is examined from the veiwpoints of science, technical and science education technology. It is observed that scientific evaiuation directed to the experts is about the convenience of the valid scientific data in chemistry and it is also noted that the result is 2.90 over 3.00 which can be regarded as quite satisfactory. The evaluation about technical and educational qualities have be en put into practice by computer assisted education experts in terms of easy operation, screen arrangement and student relations, the results of which have be en positive. science education technology experts pointed out that science education technology was "very good" as a result of the evaluation in accordance with content, method, teaching and application processes. In the testing and evaiuation phases, Anatolian High School Students and the ones who do not know anything about chemistry were taken advantage of and the achievement test at the end of the software was applied in both groups resulting in success in knowledge and comprehension levels but not in application level.

Keywords: Computer assisted education, chemistry education software, evaluation of software.
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In this study, the bird species which are becoming extinct in Türkiye are examined. Natural scientists prepare "Red Data Books" for taking the necessary preventive measures and for determining the dangers with which the bird, plant, and animal species are confronted. The books prepared have an attribute of international importance since they concem the people who are interested in protecting nature from all sectors. The reasons why the bird species disappear are analysed in two main groups: 1. As a result of the consumer pressures of our people that directly pave the way to extinction. 2.The bird species that are indirectly influenced on the path to extinction. The functions of the "Red Data Books" which are prepared for the endangered bird species are also mentioned in the study. That many of the bird species living in Türkiye are faced with extinction, the censuses, the observations and findings related with the bird species, the degree of endangerement related with the bird species are determined from the studies that reflect the size of population of those species. In addition to this, the objectives of the Red Data Books are scrutinized. Extinction degrees of the Nonpasseres Groups of bird species in Anatolia are given.

Keywords: Red data books; birds; Türkiye.
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In this study, the content of -the Healthcare-Courses, student motivation, course outline, problems of the teachers and the students related to the course have been investigated in 5 secondary schools in the city of Ankara. The courses were put into practice in 1984-1985 academic year in secondary schools.The content of the program was prepared well by the Ministry of Education, However, due to the problems encountered with during the applications, the courses were not given effectively. At the end of the study, possible solutions were put forward in order to solve the determined problems.

Keywords: Science education, health-care courses, secondary education.
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In Turkeyand Europe some species of birds of prey are trapped for hunting. For this, different methods are used. Howewer, number of the injured birds of prey less than the number of the birds of prey which are injured or killed with the method of gun which is ignorance.

Keywords: Hunting, hunter, hunting animals, birds of prey , trapping of birds of prey.
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Es vurden 3600 Pflanzenmaterial in Ankara gesammelt und bestimt. Nach der Duchschung der entsprechender Literatur wurden 38 neue Pflanzenarten für die A4 Quadrat gefunden.

Keywords: Neue floristisches Einschreibung, A4 Ankara, Flora der Türkei.
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Succes of secondary school students in solving Physics questions of ÖSS and ÖVS examinations have been investigated in terms of these questions suitability to secondary school education program and an average student's physics background. Factors affecting succes have been studied through a questionnaire distributed to undergraduate students of Hacettepe University. Lack of visual education/training material, disability of educators, and the lack of student's personal interest in physics are defined to be the major factors influencing succes in these examinations.

Keywords: Physics education, ÖSYM - ÖSS -ÖYM examinations
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it is well known that the existing curriculum of the faculties of education does not have courses with adequate contents to equip the teacher candidates with the knowledge and skills needed in the teaching-Iearning process of physics at the secondary level. In order to contribute this area, in this work a lesson, based on the action research model, was developed. The needs of the lesson and definition of the model were given. The objectives and the content of the lesson developed were determined. The implementation of the lesson at the departments of physics education was also discussed with how and why questions.

Keywords: Curriculum development and implementation; physics education; action research; physics teacher candidates.
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ching, 13 chemistry teaching syllabuses in Turkey have been compared. A questionnaire has been applied for evaluation. In the light of the evaluation, it can be said that main differences do not exist among the above mentioned syllabuses in terms of quantity and quality of the courses and it is found out that 19 - 21 hours pedagogical formation courses are given in a week in the curriculum of the Faculty of Education. However, it is determined that in certain syllabuses, some special chemistry subjects are given priority in the light of the courses.. A questionnaire directed to the instructors, teachers and fourth class students of Chemistry Teaching departments has be en administered. The questionnaire comprised evaluations in terms of main course subjects, student achievement, knowledge of the instuctors, how to teach a certain point and the a13plicationof a syllabus related to chemistry teaching. The results of the questionnaire put forward the view that field caurses should comprise detailed knowledge that could als o be used in high schools by the teachers; moreover, educatian courses should include knowledge and behavior that would be used in teaching.

Keywords: Chemistry teaching, sylabuses of chemistry teaching.
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Based on the ÖSYM data of the last years 0989- 1992) about entrance into higher edu ca tion chemistry programs. this research investigats the degrees of preference of the graduate programs of Chemistry Education,Chemistry Engineering and Chemistry and how many of the candidates are placed in the programs selected. Af ter the number of graduate students are found out according to the areas of instruction, the achrevement of these students within the years was examined and the effect of sufficient faculty members on student successe was investigated. it is thought that the results of this research can be use d in making same important and meaningful comparisons between the related higher education programs. For example, the comparisons will highlight the students who prefer these programs and their lowest and highest scores, the achievement rates of these students in graduating from the ir programs and the effect of sufficient faculty members on their achievement.. In this research, the effect of the medium of instruction in Turkish or in a foreign language on students' choices about the three Chemistry programs was alsa investigated. Statistical evaiuatian indicate that the medium of instruction plays role in entrance into Chemistry Education, Chemistry Graduate, and Chemistry Engineering Programs. Finally, it is concluded which medium of instructian, in our own language or in a foreign language, is important.

Keywords: ÖSYM (Center for Student Selection and Placement for Higher Eduation) - Examination system, entrance into chemistry graduate programs, entrance into chemistry engineering programs, entrance into chemistry education programs.
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Keywords: Expository text, reading comprehension, illustration, graphic representation.
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