This research aimed to deseribe, explore and interpret the three dimensional (3D) art work curriculum in Turkish primary schools in terms of the gap between what was intendcd and what was implemented. The research addressed what caused this difference. The research saınple was art teachers teaching in private and state schools in Çankaya region, Ankara. The research instrument was a self-administered structured questionnaire with some open-ended questions. To analyse the quantitative data the SPSS was used. To analyse the qualitative data, content analysis was employed. The findings reveal that there was a mismatch between the intcnded and implemented 3D art curriculum in both kin ds of schools. The main reasons stated for this difference were the lack of time allocated to art classes and physical conditions of schools both of which prevented art teachers practising all of the 3D art curriculum in their classes

Keywords: hree dimensional art(3D), primacy art edueation, teacher training, art eurrieulum.
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This study aims to search impact of technological interaction at home environment on pre - school children's computer literacy skills. 54% of children's computer literacy skills found "high" category in the study. Children use tcchnological devices (such as washing rnachine, computer) at home environment by themsclves or assisting of someone. Mean of children's computer literacy skills who use technological dcvices (such as washing machine, computer) at home cnvironıncnt by themselves or assisıing of someone are higher than mean of children's computer literacy skills who do not use computers. Besides, mean of of children' s computer literacy skills whose parenls use computers are higher than the others.

Keywords: information literaey, early ehildhood edueation, home envıronment
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In this study, the skills of proportion al reasoning and the solution strategies for the problems involving ratio and proportions of preservice teachers were examincd. The findings showed that, even tough the preservicc mathematics teachers solved the ratio and proportion problems, they did not give definitions of the concepts and did not have eoneeptual knowledge about this topic.

Keywords: preservice teachers, ratio, proportion, proportional reasoning.
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he main purpose of this research was to dernonstrate the effects of multimedia learning environment and the attitude of the sevnth grade students of elementary school in the Social Sciences class and on their attitude towards this course. In the research which was carried out by means of expcrimental method two gwups of studenl were compared. One group of sludents was taught traditionally and the other one was taught within a multimedia environment. The subjects involved in this study were selected among the seventh grade students attending Şişli Terakki Vakfı Schools during the 1999-2000 academic year. By taking these grades into consideration, the average grade and standard variatian were found. Covariaııce analysis was done. The findings of this research reveal that no didfferences are found with regard to gains to gains in achievement and attitude in the multimedia group as compared to students attending tradilional Social sciences class

Keywords: multimedia,instructionaltechnology, educational technology
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Since mid-19th century, laboratory methods have bccn acccpted as basic elements of science teaching. Also, their importance has bccn increased over the years. In this study, case study research methodology was used. The sample was consisted of 15 research assistant and lecturer who are responsible to implement General Chemistry Laboratory lessons and 150 student teachers who are enrolled in General Chemistry Laboratory course in 2000-2001 academic year at Division of Science Educatian of Fatih Faculty of Education. Interviews and a survey study were carried out with the study sample respectively. The collected data showed that laboratory materials are not enough and proper to teach General Chemistry caurse. Therefore, students have problems in leaming. Results of this study are consistent with related literature. Same suggestions, on the basis of the results were given to make General Chemistry Laboratory more effective and fmitful.

Keywords: chemistry laboratory activities, advantages of learning in laboratory, teacher education
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Mathematics ıs an important element of education. T.anguage, on the other hand, is one of the most impartant tools we use for communicating. Besides, teaching Mathematical concepts during the Language development in studenls at the first level of elementary education bears a spccial importancc. This in turn is dosely related to how the elementary school teachers use Language in Mathematics courses. Tnthis research, it has been tried to form factor structures for the' Language in Mathematies Teaching , scale to be used for evaluating the pre-service elementary school mathematics teachers' opinions about Language in Mathematics teaching. The research data have been obtained from studenls of the Department of Elementary Education in the Hacettepe University. FOUf meaningful dimensions were obtained from this scale

Keywords: malhematies teaehing and language, preserviee mathematics ıeachers
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The purpase of the study is to explain the importance of beliefs of mathematics teachers about the naturc of mathematics and the teaching of mathematics in Ofdcr to make contribution to the research studies which will be conducted and work on preservice and inservice ınathernatics leacher education. According to results of various research studies, beliefs of teachers about the nature of mathematics and the teaching of mathematics infulence both effectiveness of teaching of mathematics and the occurrence of their students' beliefs about those subjccts. lerıce appropriate preservice and inservice education programs should be organized by taking these beliefs into account to improve the quality of mathematics education. In Ofder lo accompJish this wOfk necessary research studies should be conducted. Marcover, wc should investigate in which stages of education and how much these beliefs are effective.

Keywords: helief. nature of mathematies, teaehing of malhematics, mathematıcs teaeher educatian
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The pıırpose of the present study is to detect misconception of the students' concerning "greenhouse effeet". In this study, questionnaire that consist of 16 statements about the greenhouse effeet with Likert Seala ehoiees. This questionnaire was eondueted primary school K- 6-7. The results show that the students' have had misconceptions in their minds concerning greenhouse effeeL

Keywords: environmenta! education, misconeeptions, greenhouse effeeL
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In this study constructivism is introduced and also it is examined how the components of curriculum are organized according to this approach. According to constrnctivism, the learners discover the knowledge from the origion. TA)amers direct the leaming with their existing cognitive shema by constrncting the knowledge effectivelly. Moreover, they assimilate the knowledge which they constructed by intcgrating their former learning with the new information. Knowledge is forıned by the leanıers' existing values and experiences. Learning occurs in complex and real contexts. Content is organized through deduction way. By this way, learners can use their higher-level thinking skills. Teachers can quide their students by taking the adva1ıtage of their ideas and questions. Since organizing leanıing experiences are seen as the base of the study, different activities convenient for the learning situation are prepared. Appropriate learning materials are used to make the information meaningful and useful. In constructivism, evaluation is prepared according to learning process

Keywords: constructivism, curriculum development, problem solving, thinking skills
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Using polymers instead of natural and inorganie matters is a common faet taday. Their being processed easily and mechanical features have led to increase in their usage and in parallel to this their production has increades. Such an increase is seen in their consumption. Same of these materials can be recyeled. However there are some factors that contribute to the environmental pollution in the formatian and recyeling process of polymers. Not being informed on the polymers has a negative effect on the enviromnental pollution and on the eliminatian of natural SOUfces. This study aims at determining the knowledge level of students on the polymers. First1y, concept maps t1ıat are central in the polymers were developed. And based on these concept maps, the polymer Knowledge Test has develaped. The results obtained indicate that knowledge of the students on polymers is limited ta everyday facts. Thus it seems ta be necessary ta give courses on polymers beginning from the secondary leveL.

Keywords: polymer, monomer, polymerization, knowledge test, teaching of polymers.
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n this study it is aimed to find out the level of basic knowledge teacher candidates eurrently have related to access to information through www and 'analyse what and how mııeh they need to know about it for teaehing purposes. The study was condııeted to teaeher eandidates in the Department of Elementary FAIucation Faculty of FAlueation, Hacettepe University. The study showed considerabJe results on effieaey of inital teaeher training programs on the integration of [nfonnation Communication Technologies into education

Keywords: information literaey, WWW,education, internd, informatin and communieation teehnologies
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The expcrimental method namcd "Compound Formation from Elemenls" in the Atom and Molecules subject in the Structure of Matter unit taught in the VIII. Grade Science Courses in Turkish National Education Minislry's Primary Schools was studied and the problems in applicaıion were uetermined. Two new experimenls were suggested to overcome these problems. [11 the experimeııtal methods suggested iıı this study, suJfur dioxide (S02) is fonncd by burning sulfur powder in the air (i.e. in oxygen mediııın). it takes maximum 20 minutes to perform each experiment and all of the experimen ts iııclude qualitative analysis indicators such as colar changes, smelling gas, colored t1ame, and barking sound formatioııs that are rcceived and felt, as the faculties of hearing, sight, smell, and touch

Keywords: demonstration, science teaching, element, compound.
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This study evaluate students personel knowledge and their true assesment of teaching occupatıon views, who are stili attending the courses in pre-school teaching main science branch which was establihed on the basis of re-construction of training faculties.This study helps to figure out the general profiles of theachers within this occupatıon field 821 teacher candidates, who are modcls for this studyare chosen from eight different universities. A poll fonu which includes personal information and teaching occupation are applied to these teacher candidate model s the datums that are gained at the end of the study were evaluated by statistic methods. The department of preschool teaching was among the first five chocies of most of the students comparsing the sample of the research and the results of the study demonstrated that students have positive fcclings and opinions related with their department

Keywords: tcachcr, tcachcr cducation, teacher characteristics
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n this study, we aim to find out the effects of computcr-aided instruction (CAl) on the students' achievement in biology and their attitudes toward the use of computers in biology courses as compared to the traditional methods. Tnorder to find out these effects, an experimental study has been carried out in Kuleli Military High School in IstanbuL. The subjects of the study were 51 students of the first graders from the two sections of the high schooL. In the control group, fırst the subject "enzymes" was taught and then the students studied the subject through a traditional method using worksheets. In the experimental group, CAl was implemented. These students were given the chance of studying the same subject through a selected courseware (Vitamin Biology, a tutor) in the computer laboratory. An achievement test has been designed to measure the success of the students and an attitude scale has been used to display their attitudes toward computer use. The test and the sc ale have been applied to both groups before and after the instruction. The differences between the means of the pre and post tests have been compared via t-test. No significant difference has been found out. It can be concluded that CAl does not have much effect on the students' achievement in biology. The same procedure has 00- en followed in interpreting the results of the attitude sc ale and no significant difference has been observed.

Keywords: computer aided instruction. biology acrnevement. attitudes toward computer.
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The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (i 999-Repcat) aimed to make cross cultural cornparisons of 8th grade students (13 years-old) mathematics and sciencc academic achievement, the strengths and weaknesses of their curriculum, instructional materials and methods. In this paper, the place of Turkish students in this cross-cultural comparison, the organization ofmathematics and science instructions, mathematics and science curricula, and attitudes of students towards mathematics, and sciencc according to the results of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study-Repeat which included 38 countrİes. In relatian to these results, same suggestions are made.

Keywords: cross-cultural studies, third international nıathematics and science study, mathematics education, sciencc educatian
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Studies in the area of scieııce educatioıı report that children construct alterııati ve frameworks to desribe scientific notions. This study is intended to deseribe first year university s tudeıı ts , ideas, at Balikesir University Necatibey Edncatioıı Faculty, 011magııetic force relations between two current carrying conductors, to offer iıı- terpretations of the learning barriers aııd to reveal the deve lopment of stndents' scientific knowledge on the subject during a period of formal teaching at Balikesir University Necatibey Education Faculty. In the study, pre, post and delayed post tests were administered to 95 students involved and related lectures were observed nsing non-participant approach. Finally, semistructııred interviews were conducted with 8 selected students. The analyses of data showed that the majority of the level of students' understanding did not change much over teaching and the detccted misconceptions on the learnt concepts before teaching found to be existing after teaching. Implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions are made for teachers and cumculum develapers

Keywords: science education, alternative frameworks, Level of understanding, misconceptions
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he purpose of this study was to develop a portfolio assessment method specific to science education. In this study, researchers set out the purposes of the portfo- !io and the data tools needed to show changes in the curriculum of students development. Researchers developed a set of performance criteria, sample forms, record keeping strategies, to be used by students. The developed rubrics contain explicit reflective forms for students to reflect and compare on their own progress against dearly understoad standards. This study was implementcd in Beytepe Elementary School in Pall 2001. thirty- three students and their parents and their sciencc teacher was participated in this study. In this study both qualitative and quantitative method were used. The results of study show the portfolio assessment method can be used to identify qualified students in science education, improve instruction and learnİng process and follow scientific development.

Keywords: portfolio assessment, science education, elernentary school
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In this research , perceived problem solving skilllevcls of high school sludents were examined. To collect data, Problem Solving Skills Scale and a form prepared to gather information abont other variables of the program were conducted to totally 394 studenls, 239 of them was female and 155 was male, attending Çankaya High SchooL. Independent variables examined in this research are: sections of high school, age, sex, education levels of parenis, occupations of parenis, with whom they ta1k their problems, who understands them most. To analyse collected data, variance analysis and t test were used

Keywords: pereeived problem solving skills, social support.
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his research has been undertaken with the aim of gathering the opinions and suggestions of the sludeııts, leachers and schooJ administrators about the high school J biology text books and weekly biology hours as well as imparting some suggestions on biology text books and weckJy biology hours according to the results to be obtained. Together the related data three these questionnaire forms were used and the forms applied to 6761 students, 300 teachers and 206 school administrators throughout Turkey. Findings obtained in the research were surnmarized es below: The logarity of students opinions were that the text books were averagely adeguate in terms of content, lingunte feotren and printy charecteritics. They pointed out that weekly hours were inadequate; conduding that the weekly hours should be four. The teachers also daimed that the textbooks in terms wotent of scope and linguistic features happen to be averagely adequate and the weekly hours should be three. On the other hand; the school administrators stated that the textbooks were average in terms of physical appearance and printing characteristics, and the weekly hours should be three.

Keywords: biyology textbooks, biologyclonshows, student, teacher, school administrator
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t's a cmmnon opinion that same individuals who possess certain personality characteristics in somc profcssion groups perforın bettcr than the others. Self-monitoring which was firtsly mentioned by Mark Snyder in 1974 is tendency to regulate his or her behaviour to match the situational contcxt and appear favorable to others. The purpuse of the study was to investigate the relationship betwccn the profcssion of mathematics teaching and self monitoring which is the onc of pcrsonality charactcristics of individuals. In this research, self-monitoring characteristics of Hacettepe University preservice elementary mathernatics teacher were identified and alsa the similarities and differences between the preservice clernentary mathematics teachers who have lawand high self monitoring characteristics and thcir pcrceptions of thc profcssion of mathematics teaching were determİned by semi-structured İnterviews.This study revealed that, the prafession of mathematics teaching can be included in the profession graups in which having high self monitaring characteristics is an İndicater of accomplishing rnore success

Keywords: self-monitoring, the profession of mathemalies teaching, teacher training
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the attitudes of male and female students from the primary and secondary school s towards physical education courscs. The research involved 2072 students in total; 523 feınale and 607 malc students from II primary schools and 453 female and 489 male students from 10 secondary schools. The attitude scale with 24 articles, which was developcd by Demirhan and Altay (1999) has been used in order to evaluate the students' attitudes. The highest possible grade to be achieved at the test is 120 while the lowest is 24. 'Ine Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale is 0.93, the intraclass corrclation coefficient 0.85, and the scale validity coefficient 0.83. Throughout the analysis of the data, the one-way-variaııce analysis is employed and a possible error ratio is taken as 0.05. S ignificant difference was found between the attitude grades towards the physical education conrses of the male and female students

Keywords: attıtude, physİcal educatian and sports
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In this study, attitudes of 102 female and 89 male students, who were newly enroIled to elementary education program during fall semester of i 999-2000 in Uşak Edueation Faculty, Afyon Kocatepc University, Turkey, toward seience and sciencc teaching were measured by using a newly revised Seience Teaching Attitude Seale-U (ST AS-U) by Moore and Foy (1997). Attitudes of elementary edu- * Yrd. Doç. Dr., AKÜ Uşak Eğitim Fakültesi İlköğretim Bölümü - Uşak. cation major students toward seience and science teaching are positive. Their attitudes based on genders, ages, university entranee exam seores' pereentages, the number of seienee eourses taken by the students during their secondary edueation years, edueationlevels of their parents, and income levels of their families do not have any signifieant mean differenees. However, attitudes of students taking more seienee conrses than other students taking required seienee eourses during their high school years are higher than the others. According to population size of eities where they lived, their attitudes toward scienee and seienee teaching showonlyone signifieant mean differenee that attitudes of students coming from the eities whose population are bigger than 50,000 are positively higher than the other students' attitudes. Generally, they support and understand the nature of seienee but they have diffieulty to differentiate science and technology. Also, they support student and teacher centered seience teaching at the same time

Keywords: elementary teaeher education, attitudes, science education
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"SeIf' can be defined as the totality of the feelings a person has about himself and as his way of know ing and evaluating himsclf. Self-concept of an indi vidual is shaped by the criticism and admiration raised by people whonı the inidividual values. This study was planned to evalııate self-perception in 8-11 year old orphans. The sample space of the study consisted of 90 children who live in Keçiören Atatürk Orphanage. Lipsitt Self-Concept Scale for Children was ıısed. The data obtained as a resuJt were statistically evaluated by t test. It was found out that there is significant difference between orphan childrens's self pereeption and ideal self-concept.

Keywords: orphan, self-concepı,matemal deprivation
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Determining the students' misconceptions on the electrachernical topics will contribute to their success in other cheınical topics. Different test items are employed to lIleasure student achievement in ehemistry. "111erefare, efficiency of different item lypes in deıerınining misconceptions will be uscful. Three types of items (multiple choice, items with blanks and essay) are included in the Electrachemistry Achievement Test. In addition to the Eleetraeheınistry Aehievement Test, the Scientific Procedure Skills Test aı1d the Science Attitude Seale were administered to 31 undergraduate studcnts in Hacettepe Universiıy.The results obtained indicate that itcm lype is effective in detennining the sludents' ınisconceptions. Also, a significant reJationship between student~ Attitude Towards Science, their Science Process Ski1Js and their success in different tcst items is not observed.

Keywords: eleetroehemieal cancepts, misconception, chemistry educatian
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Mathematics emphasizes concept development and is closely related to the concrete daily experiences of children. Pattcm classificarion, classification, observation, ordering, graph drawing, measurement, comparison , ete. are crucial for a child' s appreciation of ınathemaLİeal cancepls. Edueatars need to employ cancretc, handson activities to help children understand the abstract world of nıathematics. it is possible to teach mathematical coneepls by ınanipulating objecls, by forming groups of objects, by counting the number of elements in a group, ete

Keywords: preschool, mathematics, number/counting, spatial concepls, measurement.
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he purposes of this studyare to determine the increase and decrease rates of the populalion of Nev~ehjr bctween 1935 - 1996, the social and cconomic characteristics of the population, the percentage of ]itcracy for six years age and over, and the distribution of literacy population according to formal educationallevel. Nevşehir is situated in the middle of plateau of Kızılırmak in Centra] Anatolia. It is bounded on the east by Kayseri; on the north and on the northeast by Yozgat; on the south by Niğde; on the west by Aksarayand Kırşehir. The population of Nevşehir has increased since 1935. The percentage of ]iteracy is 83%. While 9] % of male population is literate, the ]iteratc percentage of female is 74,4 %. 19 % of iiterate population did not complete any educalian program, 63 % of them graduated from primary school, 8 % of them graduated from middle school, 7 % of literate population graduated from high school, and 3 % of them graduated from universities

Keywords: nevşehir, populalion, literacy, cducalion program. social and economic characterislics of population.
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Son yimıi yıldır yapılan çalışmalar öğrencilerin bilimselolayları nasıl anladıklarımn araştırtıması yönünde odaklanmıştır. Öğrencilerin biyoloji kavramlarını nasıl anladıklarını araştıran çalışmalar, farklı yaş grubundaki öğrencilerin biyoloji konularında kavram yamlgıları olduğunu gösteımiştir. Kavram yamlgılarmm konuların anlamlı bir şekilde öğrenilmesinde önemli bir etmen olduğu gÖrüşünden yola çıkılarak hazırlanan bu derlemede, öğrenciler arasında yaygın olan bazı kavram yanılgıları sıralanmış saptanması ve giderilmesi için yollar önerilerek biyoloji konularında uzun süreli bir kavramsal değişim yaratmak hedeflenmişir.

Keywords: misconccptions, conceptual change, biology education, meaningfullearning
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This artiele underlines the characteristics of interactive taxanomy which is a new view to foster the children's leaming and teaching environment. in the teaching environments, which focus on children's individual characteristics, interests and needs the differences between the children are critical for creative elassroom environment. Learııig occurs when cognitive structures such as knowledge, understanding, appIication, analysis, synthesis and assesment intcract with each other. The goal of learning is to understand. All advanced cognitive operations should be based on understanding. This artiele focuses on the charactcristics that foster the children's success of understanding in learning

Keywords: leaming, teaching, eognitive, bloom taxonomy, ınteractive taxonomy
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Mathematics is a lesson; a field of science, which most people like or hate or most probably afraid of when faced with. Although it is this much in our life whether it is known in its real aspects is doubtful. It is elear that to be fond of mathematics, to be able to understand it, and consequently learn it depends mostıyon recognizing its aspect truly. if mathematics makes ones life easier, gives one a way to be able to think logically, reasonably to cope with his/her daily life problems, moreover, supports him as an aid for evaIuating events objectively and consistently and makes ones life not only colorful but also enjoyable, then trying to understand mathematics is a responsibility more than a choice. In this study, an answer to "what mathematics is" will be searched, which is also being discussed more during the last years by popular science books.

Keywords: mathematics, mathematical thinking, characteristics of mathematics.
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This article reports on 2 investigations of graduate students' attitudes toward leaming statistics. First, the use of the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATT) for graduate students in the educational sciences was supported through exploratory factor analysis, which identified 3 dimensions (i.e., commitment to the discipline, belids about the utility of the discipline, affeetive/emotional components) and evidenced high internal consistency. In the second investigation, departmental affiliation, previous statistics experience, and sex were regresscd upon the 3 attitudinal dimensions of the SA TT. In each of the analyses, between 16% and 26% of the variance was accounted for by departmental aftiliation. The authors recommend that future research involve the instructor's contribution to the development of attitudes toward the statistics discipline.

Keywords: attitude seale, factors affecting attitude, validity
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate teaching behaviors of the senior students who are attending physical education teacher education program (PETE). The subject involved in this studyare fourth year students (N=27) of the Physical Education and Sport Department at Middle East Technical University (METU). Video records of atudents' teaching during "Field Practice " course, was anaylzed by using five points Likert scale observation foım which was developed by the researcher. The resulı~ indicated that student teachers were not very competent in planning lesson in an appropriate foımat and in stating lesson objectives in behavioral teıms. They were found competent in defining the tasks clearly and simply and in demonstrating the skills. The student teachers were found very competent in selecting exercises appropriate to class level and competent in temıs of organizing groups for maximum partidpation and using space effectively. It was observed that student tcachers were not making general reviewand providing general feedback at the end of the lesson. A good physical education teacher, besides being able to perfoım the sport skills competently, should be able to teach these effectively. Therefore, in physical education teacher education programs, it is aimed at developing tcaching skills as well as physical skills

Keywords: teaehing analysis, physieal edueation, field praetiee
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1ıis rcsearch was done in order to detcnniııe ıhe learniııg strategies of teacher candidatcs who were allcildilig pre-school teacher training department of Buca Faculty of Education. i ,ykert-lypc scale was applied and aııalysis of data was madc by SPSS 10.0 package program and interpreted by usiııg of t-tests, analysis of variance, chi-squarc and Pearson correlation. As a result of study, it has been found that there are some meaningful differences in learning strategies of preschool leacher candidales in terms of their academic level and age.

Keywords: pre-school leachcr candidales, learning, learning strategies.
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This study aims at detennining the opinions of the ıoth-grade and llth-grade secondary school students on the university entrance exam, on the method of studying for the exam and the effect of the exam on school learning. For the study, a 15-item questionnaire was administercd to 719 ıoth -grade students and 1215 llth-grade students, which adds up to 1934 students in total. The frequencies and percentages were cakulated and X2 test was made to deteımine if there is a significant differenee between the opinions of the students at different grades. In conclusion, it was found that iDthgrade students were more in the opinion that their lessons are related to the questions asked in the university exam. The students thought that studying for the university exam had adverse effects on the timc they aIlocatcd to studying theİr schoollessons and their attendance to the lessons. A majority of II th grade students were also found to think that getting ready for the university exam diminished theİr schoollearnings. The students were also found to prefer studying by themselves; studying with the help of a private training course foIlowed this one. FinaIly, they were found to have a negative view on having the exam in two stages

Keywords: university entrance exams, Student Selection Exam, getting ready for the Student Selecıion Exam, effect of ıhe Student Selection Exam on the secodary schoollearning
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The main purpose of the study was to investigatc the effeet of eognitive eonfliet instruetion (CCI) and eoneeplual change text instruction (CCTl) over traditionally designed mathematics instruction (TDI) on achievement of 7th grade students related to first degree equations with one unknown. The subjeets of the study consisted of 79 7th grade students from three different classes of matheıııaties lessons instructcd by the same teacher from a school in Ankara. Mathematics potcntial test (MPT) was utilized at the beginning of the study to detennine students' potential in mathematics. Af ter the treatments, achievement test results were taken. ANOV A was used for testing the hypothesis of the study. The results showed that the students at CCl got significantly higher scores on achievement comparing to CCTI.

Keywords: cognitive conflict instruction, conceptual change tcxt instruction, tradİlionally dcsigned mathematics instruction, first dcgrcc equations with one unknown, misconception.
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