Success is not simply based on the pos- session of necessary skills for performance, it requires the confidence to use these skills effectively. Self – efficacy re- fers to a belief in one’s ability to perform specific tasks. Because of their mentor roles, teachers must feel confident and competent in the use of information sources and in the use of any tools and technology to find, use and communi- cate information. In this paper, initial teacher training students’ perce- ived self efficacy both for information and computer lite- racy was explored. The correlation between these percepti- ons and how it changes across the years were also exami- ned.

Keywords: information literacy, computer literacy, self-effi- cacy
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This study was planned to evaluate the basic science process skills in children of age 6 attending different kindergartens. The sample space of the study con- sisted of 200 children. A science process skills observation form was used to gather data. The results obtained were statistically evaluated by t-test, one way variance analyses (ANOVA), and LSD test. It was observed that there is a significant correlation between the kindergartens attended by children and the science processes.

Keywords: kindergarden children, science process, science and child
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In this study, the rate of adoption with respect to computers was examined in three primary scho- ols. During the research, the factors such as perceived att- ributes of computers and some characteristics of schools which have an effect on the rate of adoption were taken in- to consideration. For this purpose, in 2000, 27 teachers and in 2002, 31 teachers from the same schools were intervi- ewed. Changes in the ratio of computer use were identified over two years. Four factors which might be effective in the differences were: relative advantage, observability, factors which are encouraging and hindering the use of computers in the schools.

Keywords: rate of adoption, diffusion of computers, perceived characteristics of computers, teachers and computer use
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Today’s, the rapid improvements in the area of technology affects the improvement in the area of education. In turn, it necessitates reorganization of the edu- cation. The most importance application is distance educa- tion. In this study, it is stressed that the learning styles of individuals should be considered in the organization of educational medium which is essential for the distance education-instruction process. Gregorc Style Delineator was applied to 173 students in the Anadolu University Open Education Faculty. The results were eva- luated in respect for student’ suggestions of learning styles of students on choose of Distance Education medi- um. Some practical suggestions have been put forward as a result of the findings of the study.

Keywords: distance education, learning style, Gregorc learning style model, teaching medium, students’ differences
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The aim of this study is to examine whether there is a difference between the student teachers’ opinions before and after using microteaching. This study has been conducted in the fall semester of 2000 at Muğla University Pysical Education and Sport Academy with the participation of the third year students. In this study the stu- dent teachers’ view on teaching in the classroom has been dealt with a questionnaire which is consisting of thirty-one questions. Significant differences have been observed in the eleven questions which are related on the students’ perspective before and after using microteaching. Howe- ver, there were not been any significant differences in the other questions of the questionnaire.

Keywords: microteaching, teacher education, teacher skills
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This study aims to compare the secon- dary school performance scores with the three other univer- sity entrance exams, the two-staged ÖSS and ÖYS, which were administered in 1998 to select and place the students into university and the one-staged ÖSS, which was conduc- ted with the same purpose in 2000. The data of the study was collected from the the students having taken the ÖYS and ÖSS tests administered in 1998, and the ÖYS test in 2000. The performances of the third year students in Tur- kish language and literature, history, geography, philo- sophy, physics, chemistry and maths and their relationship with the 1998 ÖSS and ÖYS scores and the 2000 ÖSS sco- res were investigated. The findings of the research de- monstrate that there is no significant difference between he two systems with respect to the secondary school per- formance. This means that secondary school performance is proved to be in the power to explain and predict at a suf- ficient and acceptable level the performances of the exami- nations administered first in two stages and then in one stage.

Keywords: university entrance exams secondary school performance, ÖSYS, ÖSS, ÖYS
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In this research the prediction level of risk-taking behaviour obtained by peer pressure, achieve- ment, and age is examined. This study is executed in 2001- 2002 academic year on 684 high school students who are between ages 15 and 18. Peer Pressure Scale developed by K›ran (2002) is used for defining peer pressure, Risk-Taking Behaviour Scale in Adolescent Developed by K›ran (2002) is used for defining risk-taking behaviour. Achievement information are deter- mined from first semester grades of students. Data are tes- ted by regression analysis. The results of research shows the facts that risk-taking behaviour is predicted meaning- fully in negative direction by one of the variables “achi- evement” and in positive direction by the other variables “peer pressure” and “age”. In the multiple regression alysis, it is found that three variables altogether explain 54% of risk-taking behaviour. Also it is found in stepwise regression analysis that risk-taking behaviour is predicted meaningfully by there three variables.

Keywords: adolescent, risk-taking behaviour, peer pressure, achievement
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The purpose of this research was to find out profiles of the formative teachers and their opinions on the difficulties they have faced during the applications in Turkey. The data of this research were collected through a survey that inquired about a wide range of issues among 182 master formative teachers from 82 Turkish cities. The results mainly indicated that most of the master teachers are not satisfied with their on job working position because of the ill organizations at their schools, overload working hours and lack of following up studies. Teachers especially pointed out that the administrators’ attitudes toward using technology at schools were not supportive enough.

Keywords: computer based education, formative teachers, in-service training
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In this study a cross-age study was con- ducted to investigate high school students’ understanding of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. A total of 198 students, 63 from ninth grade, 67 from tenth grade, and 68 from eleventh grade, was participated in the study. Stu- dents’ misconceptions were identified by using Photosynt- hesis Concept Test, including open-ended, true-false and multiple choice type questions. Results revealed that most of the participants held misconceptions related to the con- cept under investigation, such as “photosynthesis is a gas exchange process”, “photosynthesis is an energy producing process”, “plants take their food from the soil”, “plants res- pire only at night” and “photosynthesis is the reverse of res- piration”.

Keywords: photosynthesis, misconception, photosynthesis concept test
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Teacher assessment of their students has an important place in teaching and learning process. The main aim of this study was to describe and identify mathematics teachers’ assessment practices. Under this main aim, this research was focused on to find out how mathematics teachers collect information about their stu- dents, how teacher record and use these information in Tur- key and England. This study was carried out with 12 maths teachers of 11-14 year olds in Turkey and England. Depend on the findings of the study, some similarities and differen- ces were found in teachers’ asesessment practices. Based on these results, some recommendations for the issues ha- ve been made.

Keywords: teachers’ assessment, assessment, assessment in maths, maths teaching.
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The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the differences between the teachers’ stages (knowledge, persuasion,decision, implementation, confirmation) at the innovation-decision process in two ye- ars. The data were collected by interviewing the 31 teac- hers form the same three schools in which the 2000 rese- arch was conducted. The main conclusions reached by this research were: 1) There was a positive improvement with respect to the stages in two years. 2) The school was an im- portant factor in this change. 3) The teachers were at the implementation and confirmation stage for the manage- ment duties.4) Most of the teachers reached to persuasion stage for the instuctional duties. 5) A few teachers were at the implementation stage for the instructional usage of computers.

Keywords: time-decision process, diffusion of innovation, teachers use of computers
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The aim of this research was to find out the occurrence level of genetics subjects in the secondary school curriculum and course books. Investigating the inte- rest of Lycee students in genetics subjects and the relation to the academic success of them was also another aim. To determine the occurrence level of the genetics sub- jects in secondary education institutes, course materials and course curriculum were examined. To determine the suc- cess level of the students in genetics subjects, an achieve- ment test, a questionnaire form were prepared. Prepared materials were applied to 160 last year students who were being educated in secondary education institutions, natural science section, in Ankara during the 2001-2002 academic year, spring semester. In this research, it was observed that the genetics sub- jects of the Biology, course book instructed in the Lycee 3 rd class, were grouped into “Molecules carrying genetics information”, Inheritance, Population Genetics, Biotechno- logy and Genetics Engineering topics. It was also observed that, there was no chapter under the topic “Genetics” n the Lycee 1 and Lycee 2 Biology course books but there were chapters containing Genetics related information. As a result of statistical analysis, it was observed that the mean of the genetics test of highly interested students was higher than the mean of the genetics test of medium and lower interested students. No meaningful difference was observed between the group of students with medium interest and the group of students with low interest.

Keywords: genetic, genetic teaching, biology teaching, secondary education
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In this study, the concept development of the 3 years old children who either attend or not attend to the preschool education on the field of their cognitive de- velopment is reviewed. The sample space of the study con- sisted of 124 children.These children who were randomly selected from the population, 59 had and 65 did not have any preschool education. The data of the research is gathe- red according to Bracken Basic Concept Scale which was developed by Bracken (1984) and translated into Turkish by inversing procedure. During the research, the existence of differences between their perception of SRC,(colour, let- ter, shape, comparison, number/counting) social/emotional, texture/material, direction/position, and size concept were sought for. According to the findings obtained from this re- search, it turned out that significant difference were found between two groups.

Keywords: concept development, early childhood, preschool education
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The purpose of this study was to inves- tigate how the 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6th graders would perceive the equality symbol and the concept of equality. Ten students (2 from each class) selected from Anadolu elementary schol located in a middle socio economic status of the Bo- lu province. The data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. Result showed that the students perceived the equal symbol as “an operation symbol” rather than “a relational symbol”. İmplications for mathematics education were discussed.

Keywords: equality concept, equal sign, elementary school, algebra
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Cognitive development is affected by genetic and enviromental factors including nutrition. In this paper, the efficiency of nutrition on cognitive development and functions has been reviewed. It has been found out that the consumption of sufficient level of energy, protein, poly unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, iron and zinc in diet, effect cognitive development and it’s’sfunctions positively.

Keywords: nutrition, cognitive development, cognitive functions
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Algebra is a difficult object for students to be comprehended. There may be many causes which ef- fect the student’s inadequatence in understanding algebraic concepts and subjects. In this study we consider the causes which makes it difficult for students to learn algebra.

Keywords: Importance of algebra teaching, difficulties in algebra learning, obstacles in algebra teaching
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oreign language teaching in primary and secondary schools dates back to pre-republican years in Turkey. Just like many other fields, foreign language te- aching has been affected by national and international sci- entific, social, economic, etc. developed for the primary and secondary school students have thus been affected and occasionally altered. Despite these occasional changes, the- re have always been claims about the insufficiency of the programs since they have been unable to provide effective results. In this study, the German language teaching programs of the primary and secondary schools in Turkey and the changes they have gone through will be analyzed and a ge- neral evaluation will be made.

Keywords: german language teaching, primary and secondary schools, in time
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The purpose of this study is to discuss the necessity of school principalship certification prog- rams. In the Turkish educational system, there are some important developments in terms of selection and employ- ment of school principals; however, Ministry of National Education never required a certificate for being a principal in the schools. However, recent developments are encoura- ging the establishment of such programs.

Keywords: principalship, certification programs, training principals
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Gifted children who have more expec- ted to themselves are generally sensitive and need to sup- ported. These children should be supported for their skills completely development. ADHD children display both at- tention deficit and the sympthomps of hyperactivity. Gifted children can use effectual the meta-cognitive strategies such as classification, use of memory, recall and organiza- tion. Gifted children who have ADHD forget to use effec- tive these strategies in comparison to the other gifted child- ren. These children are different from the point of cogniti- ve, social and emotional development.

Keywords: giftedness, attention deficit, hyperactivity
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n this study, cooperative learning and its some structured and unstructured techniques are descri- bed. Based on these techniques, some activities and a sample lesson plan concerning the use of cooperative lear- ning in math courses are presented.

Keywords: cooperative learning, teaching mathematics
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This article points out the characteris- tics of preschool curriculum which is based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligence. Every child is born with all types of intelligence, but some of them develop more than others because of the environmental differences. Preschool curri- culums give children some opportunities that will show their directions in their whole life. It is important that the ways, which is made for the guidance of children, should be suitable for children and give different choices for them. To make children realized their types of intelligence and to give a suitable program, which supports them to grow app- ropriate with their intelligence area is the main purpose of preschool curriculum. In this article, the role of preschool curriculums in the period of determination of child’s intel- ligence area, the activation of it, and the improvement of it are underlined.

Keywords: multiple intelligence, intelligence areas, learning styles, preschool education, preschool curriculum
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The most fundamental features of the human being is capable of thinking. Reasoning is a process to reach a conc- lusion by taking all related factors into account. Individuals who have reasoning ability on a subject are knowledgeable on the related discipline and can analyze new situation which are faced in all aspects, explore, make logical as- sumptions, explain his thoughts, reach conclusions and de- fense his conclusions. In this paper the following questions will be discussed. What are the mathematical reasoning approaches? How in- dividuals’ mathematical reasoning approach does change? Is cultural differences effect change of reasoning styles? Whether individuals have certain reasoning styles or which reasoning approaches they will use according to the situati- on? How can people find the most suitable reasoning styles for themselves.

Keywords: reasoning, mathematical reasoning ability mathematical thinking
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This study reports i) the effect of traditionally designed teaching method and the group work on students’ performance in a topic related to biology and, ii) the difference between the performance of students who have field dependent and field independent cognitive styles. Second year science teacher students (N=80) in primary teaching department were participated. Students in the control group (N=40) were given a traditional lecture whereas in the experiment group (N=40) discussion-based group work was adopted. To measure Field dependence/Field Independence, (FD/FI) Group Embedded Figures Test and to measure students’ achievement before and after instruction an achievement test were applied. The results showed i) the students in the experiment group showed significantly higher performance than control group students in the achievement test and ii) may be the most importantly, the group work in the experiment group favoured both FD and FI students whereas FI students benefited more than FD students in traditional teaching method in control group.

Keywords: teaching techniques, cognitive styles, student achievement
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Researches on the family influence on school success, parents’ attitudes and school-family coope- ration indicate that family has a strong influence on the stu- dent’s success. The aim of this researche is to determine the relation between school-family cooperation and reading comprehansion success for 1st grade elementary school students. The reseach covers 233 1st grade studens selected with purposeful sampling technique. The results of this study indicated that students who were parents had close relations with school had high levels of success and achi- evements in teching reading comprehension at primary school level.

Keywords: parent-school relationship, reading comprehention success
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The aim of this study was to deal with misconceptions about force and motion concepts in physics. A total of 125 subjects, in Brevard County, Florida were selected by a sample of convenience to participate in this study during the fall of 1999-2000 academic years. The Multiple Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) analysis yielded a significant interaction for pretest and gender for dependent variable of Misconceptions. As a result of this, Attitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) was performed for dependent variable of misconceptions. ATI between pretest and gender relative to misconception was significant. When dependent variable is analyzed, there was a significance difference between treatment and control groups relative to misconceptions score. Group membership contributed 12.6% additional knowledge of posttest score variability, which was statistically significant for misconceptions (F 1,9 = 20.03, p < .05). Based on this result, it can be concluded that incorporating the web-based physics program with traditional lecturing did have a significant effect on dispelling students’ misconceptions about force and motion concepts.

Keywords: science education, physics education, web-based instruction, computer based physics teaching
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This paper investigates students’ con- ception of fractions in solving word-problems. An essay type test including 10 word-problems was administered to 5 th grade students in a private elementary school (N=122). An analysis of the difficulties met by the students was gi- ven through examples; evidence was given about the cruci- al role of the meanings of a part and a quantity, and the units in the operations.

Keywords: fractions, problem solving, difficulties
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This study was carried out to find out how faculty viewed the faculty development and what their choices and recommendations in a faculty development would be. The findings revealed that the faculty found the most important component of a faculty development should be effective teaching skills and technology use. As for an efficient faculty development, the faculty preferred subject experts to give courses in such a program and stated that any kind of monetary reward or certification would not effect their interest. The choice of the faculty about the delivery of the courses in such a program was stated as workshops.Faculty chose the faculty development activities to cover all faculty regardless of academic rank; and the activities to take place during the term not in the holiday periods. As for the recommendations, faculty suggested that all faculty development activities should be organized through a faculty development centre.

Keywords: faculty, faculty development, teaching skills
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The aim of this study is to determine the effect of computer assissted teaching on realizing the ob- jectives of the new Science Teaching Program which has been prepared by the Ministry of Education in accordance with the modern program developing techniques. Compu- ter assissted teaching is a supplementary method for the te- acher and complements the lesson. For this reason, in this tudy the effect of computer assissted teaching on achi- eving the objectives of the Science class has been found out. For this purpose, the “Genetics” unit for the 8 th grade was chosen and 35 students in 8-A class (experiment gro- up) and 35 students in 8-B class (control group) in Yedi Ey- lül Primary School in Ayd›n were assigned as the sample of the study. While the countrol group was taught in the tradi- tional teaching method, the experiment group was recieved computer assissted teaching. A pre-test and post-test and an exam were applied to both groups and the data obtained was analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics. As a re- sult of the ‘t’ test analysis, the level of attainment to the ob- jectives of the Science class was found more significant difference was observed on science achievement in favor of the experimental group.

Keywords: computer assissted teaching, science teaching, lesson objectives
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n the present study, the model-data fit of Item Response Theory models to the data obtained in the Ministry of National Education, Private School Exami- nation, Mathematics and Natural Sciences subtests were studied. Total 4728 subjects were used in the analyses. The results indicated that the unidimensionality, local inde- pendence, zero chance level assumptions were met in the data set. Also, invariance of ability parameters and item difficulty indices were achieved in the data set. On the ot- her hand, Chi-square fit statistics gave different results ac- ross the models. The results indicated that models of Item Response Theory were feasible in evaluating the data obta- ined in the Private School Examinations.

Keywords: item response theory, private school examination
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This study has been focused on the cre- ative drama notion and reception. Since reception has been affecting creative drama direcly, criteria determining re- ception are highly important. For that reason, some notions such as drama, creativitiy, play, dramatization, role-plays, spontanesus acting, communication and interrelationship have been investigated. It has been understood that the ef- fectively and active use of main notions of drama has been highly important in the reception of the creative drama in education.

Keywords: education, creative drama, reception, main notions.
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