The purpose of this study was to determine whether an approach combining creating strategy awareness and recycling words will result in better vocabulary learning (delayed recall) of selected words than teaching vocabulary following the course book alone, for intermediate level English language learners. Two English language classes, a total of 51 students at Hacettepe University Preparatory School participated in the study. The study followed a pre-test post-test control group design. The comparison of the means of the pre-test scores of both control and experimental groups showed that the two groups were not significantly different in terms of their vocabulary proficiency on the tested items. After the treatment however, the post-test scores of the two groups showed significant differences. The results indicated that the treatment the experimental group received contributed to students’ vocabulary recall of the selected items positively.

Keywords: vocabulary learning, strategy training, recycling words.
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In this study, the analogies and misconceptions that the university students developed about the basic concepts and events of the subject of enzymes were tried to be determined and it was searched that whether the method of using analogies is effective on meaningful learning process or not. In order to determine the students’ levels of learning the subject of enzyme and the analogies regarding the subject, an essay test covering ten questions was developed. 50 biology education students attending Department of Biology Education / Hacettepe University Faculty of Education participated in the study. The students were randomly divided into two, as experiment and control, groups. After explaining the subject to the students with plain teaching and the analogy methods, the achievement test was applied to them as pre-post tests. Concerning the subject of enzyme, the understanding level of the students in the control group was low in both tests. (Xpre=8,00; Xpost=8,05). On the other hand, the students in the experiment group achieved greater success in the post-test than the pre-test (Xpre=4,87; Xpost=10,81). There was observed a meaningful increase in achievements of the students in the experiment group where the analogy method was applied (t=3,481; p<0,05). Rather than misconceptions, partial learning was observed among the students of both groups. Especially the subjects of “enzyme kinetics” and “ enzyme inhibitions” were the subjects that the students had difficulties to understand. Most of the students had difficulties in developing analogies. The analogies developed by the students were at the enriched or extended analogy level.

Keywords: analogy, enzyme, meaningful learning, science education
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Keywords: teacher training, teaching mathematics, teaching method course, active learning
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In this completed qualitative dissertation research, the nature of the relationship between professional development programs (in-service training programs) and English language instructors was studied with a critical postmodern lense focusing on the narratives of nine English language instructors on their experiences in their professional development programs. The results revealed that the instructors conceptualize these programs as domains in which they develop themselves professionally amidst many hardships that have the power of hindering their development. It is noted that such conceptualization has effects on their professional development as well as their own classroom teaching. Data collection method was in-depth interviewing and it was found that the instructors’ narratives included themes of power struggles affecting their conceptualizations of teacher trainers, classroom observations, the delivering of these programs and the administrative units all of which signal the need for a shift towards more humanitarian and innovative professional development practices.

Keywords: Professional Development Programs, English language instructors, critical, postmodern
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With the realisation of the importance that self-esteem has as a central role in children’s success in school and furthermore for their future in the work place and their personal lives, educators identified some systems, which can be integrated into school life, that target self-esteem and social and emotional skills. One such model is Circle Time, a proactive Pastoral Care system that is based on boosting self-esteem and personal – emotional - social skills (PES) and therefore life skills. This review focuses upon this pro-active approach within the pastoral care curriculum, which has been gaining ground recently: Circle Time, a system that gives all parties within the school community opportunities to develop their self-esteem and PES. This review will concern itself with introducing the concept, descriptions of the possible application of Circle Time within Turkish schools and the possible advantages of this approach for schools. Furthermore this review will discuss the need for pre-service and in-service education for the application of Circle Time within Turkish schools.

Keywords: circle-time, guidance and counselling, pastoral care (personal, social and emotional education), self-esteem
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Given the important role of the affective variables in the process of learning, this paper examines ways of overcoming negative effects (i.e. anxiety, boredom) of the contextual factors. Exemplifying the uses of humor through contextspecific, purpose-driven jokes, it maintains that humor can be utilized to produce a resourceful, encouraging and creative lesson at upper-intermediate and advanced levels at tertiary institutions. Among other benefits noted are smiling, laughter, non-threatening atmosphere, and self-confidence. Attempts of creating a compassionate environment in the classroom find their roots in Humanistic Teaching, Affective Filter hypothesis and Suggestopedia. Using the self-reported views of tertiary students, gathered through a questionnaire, the study reveals the attitudes of learners towards humor, discusses the benefits of humor, and seeks significant differences between and among learners in terms of sex and year level. The paper concludes that humor forms a vital component in lesson planning.

Keywords: Learning at university, negative classroom atmosphere, humor, self-confidence, humanistic teaching.
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Interest for school and lessons is one of the most important factors affecting the success and knowledge acquisition of students. Furthermore, maintaining a sustainable interest in students for new things is also among the aims of biology education. The aim of this study is to examine how the interest of high school students for biology lesson and biology subjects differ with regard to gender and grade. The study is a descriptive field research. High school students from different sociocultural neighbourhoods of Ankara are the subjects of the research. The significance of difference among genders is measured by T-test and significance of differences among grades is measured by unidirectional variance analysis. The results of the research show that the subjects that male students are most interested in are reproduction and evolution while female students are most interested in evolution, human biology, behaviour in living creatures and reproduction. The subjects in which there are meaningful differences between sexes are reproduction, human biology, evolution and behaviour in living creatures. Systems, growth and development are among subjects in which there are significant differences between grades. Biology is the fifth most interesting lesson for male students while it is the seventh for female students.

Keywords: ology lesson, biology subjects, interest.
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The purpose of this study was firstly, to investigate i) the meaningful learning level and the level of misconceptions of the student’s on the subject of “Matter and its properties” ii) the relationship among these variables with the student’s attitude toward science, their logical thinking levels, their achievement scores from secondary education, their order of department preference and finally, their scores on the Student Selection Examination. Matter Concept Test, Attitude Toward Science and Logical Thinking Test were administrated to the students to collect data. The meaningful learning levels of the science teaching student’s were found between % 91-21 and students’ level of misconceptions related with the concept were found between % 76- 4.28 Student’s level of understanding was low and the level of misconceptions was very high on the concepts related with solubility, dissolving and phase change especially. A significant relationship was observed between the students’ level of meaningful learning of the concepts related with matter and their attitudes toward science. On the other hand, no significant relationships were observed between their logical thinking levels and their achievement scores from secondary education; and their logical thinking levels and scores on the Student Selection Examination and their attitudes toward science.

Keywords: matter and particulate nature of matter, misconceptions, meaningful learning, ability of logical thinking level, attitude toward science.
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The main purpose of this study was to investigate early childhood teachers’ attitudes toward gender roles and toward discipline. The findings demonstrated that early childhood teachers had a tendency to hold egalitarian attitudes toward gender roles and discipline. In other words, these attitudes were found to be highly correlated.

Keywords: Attitudes, early childhood teachers, gender roles, discipline
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Early childhood period has a great effect on individuals’ future life. Having a positive interaction with parents, especially with mothers, will establish a basis for a child’s many-sided development. As mothers are the most important figures in children’s life, especially at that period, it becomes important to study the acceptance and rejection behaviors of mothers.The aim of this study is to examine the acceptance and rejection behaviors of mothers from lower socio-economic backgrounds who live in Diyarbak›r province, Ergani district and who have children at the age of 5. The data of the research will be obtained by using Personal Information Form, and Parent’s Acceptance and Rejection Scale (Form for Mothers) developed by Rohner .

Keywords: acceptance of parents, rejection of parents, parents attitudes
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In these days when one tries to prepare the “National Biological Diversity Action Plan”, we must be conscious about biological diversity being a rising value all over the world that this fact would be sustainable and we should do our best in this direction. Dealing in ‘Agenda 21’ increases the importance of this topic. In this way, with our consciousness about what we should do, this study was prepared and found answers about questions like ‘what biological diversity is’, ‘the importance of biological diversity’, ‘how biological diversity should be given in education’, and ‘how is the sustainable usage of biological diversity’. This study could bean example in how and why this subject should be taken up in schools.

Keywords: biological diversity, sustainability, agenda 21, biology and environmental education
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It is essential that foreign language learners create realistic images of the people living in those countries with their daily lives which can be done through the coursebooks that reflect the socio-cultural and societal background. In these coursebooks, visual materials present such images. Starting in the first years of the republic, foreign language coursebooks used in our schools have either been selected from the foreign coursebooks published in abroad or written by committees composed of scholars experts on the field. In this study, visual materials and aspects of German coursebooks Almanca Ders Kitab›, Wir lernen Deutsch, Texte und Situationen, Lern mit uns, Hallo, Kinder! such as drawings, photographs are exploited. It is targeted that the development achieved in time in regards to the visual aspects of German coursebooks will shed light to the field through suggestions steming from this study.

Keywords: Regional German Coursebooks, from Past to Present, visual aspects.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate elementary school students’ successes in choosing the correct arithmetic operation for different types of standard word problems. Clinical interviews were conducted with 3rd, 4th and 5th grades of an elementary school located in a mid-low socioeconomic area in Bolu. Data were analyzed using qualitative methods. Results showed that students generally used key words when they were solving word problems. Implications for mathematics education at the elementary level were discussed.

Keywords: word problems, addition, subtraction, key words and mathematics education
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Parallel to the rapid developments in social and economic fields, the dimension of the health problems has also been increased. The community health has been affected not only by various physical diseases but also psychological disorders. Recent observations have revealed that there is an increase in psychological problems such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders, learning disabilities, anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic problems among primary school students. This case have led the studies towards pre-school children. Because, the children at that age group cannot directly express their discomforts and problems. They use projective ways such as pictures, games, and somatic complaints to express their discomfort. In order to increase the level of mental health of the society, it would be a necessity to give protective services properly. Therefore, to monitor and to recognize the symptoms in a target group that are under risk would be the first step. This study aims at examining the problem behaviors of pre-school children in Ankara.The sampling group of the study consists of 162 boys and 176 girls from 3-5 age group that are chosen randomly. The Child Behavior Check-List For Ages 11/2-5, CBCL / 11/2-5 and The Caregiver- Teacher Report Form for Ages 11/2-5, C-TRF 11/2-5 developed by Achenbach & Rescorla (2000) had been used in order to determine the children’s problematic behaviors. One way ANOVA had been used to determine the relation between the scores that the children obtained from the scale and the age and gender.

Keywords: pre-school children, mental health, preventive services
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Student’s misconceptions that identified especially in abstract subjects in chemistry education are one of the important factors which obstacles construction of knowledge with a highly yield. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in investigating remediation of misconceptions with active learning activities according to constructivist model for increasing students’ learning success. There are many misconceptions in the subject of Ionic Bonding in the Chemical Bonding Unit which is important subject in grade 9. In this study, a pre-test consisting of 5 open-ended and 7 multiple-choice totaling 12 questions was applied to 32 students following the learning of ionic bonding and in addition, interviewed with some of them to define their existing misconceptions in this subject. Then, a new guide material was developed based on constructivist model about Ionic Bonding. In the guide material reasoning was encouraged; images, photographs and graphics about the subject as well as cooperative learning and experimental activities, computer animations and reading passages were given. After the application of the guide material, a post-test was administered, and students and teachers were interviewed about the guide material. Analyzed data from the post-test showed that the developed guide material was successful in remediation of the determined misconceptions in Ionic Bonding.

Keywords: Misconception, chemical bonding, concepts of ionic bonding, active learning chemistry education.
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Among the studies that are carried out to make the teaching-learning process more effective, different teaching methods have been developed, and their effects have been investigated. One of these teaching methods is concept maps. Concept maps help learning to be realized in a meaningful and permanent way by getting the knowledge structured in mind. In this study, concept maps, which are considered to help of biology concepts in a meaningful and pemanent way, have been used, and the effects of concept maps on achievement and retention in biology education have been investigated. Two groups, experimental and control groups, have been formed from the students who take part in the research. While the teaching in the control group has been based on lecturing, teaching in the experimental group has been based on concept maps. Data on success and retention has been colected through an achievement test. The statistical analyses of the data have been observed and a meaningful difference between two groups has been found. According to the findings, students instructed through concept maps are more successful than the ones who have been instructed through lecturing, and learning is more permanent in the experimental group.

Keywords: biology education, concept maps, achievement and retention of learning.
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Concept mapping has been widely used as one of the most efficient methods of revealing the cognitive structure of an individual on any concept. There are not only different concept mapping techniques but also different ways of analysis. It has been suggested that concept maps provide valuable and rich information which becomes disoriented when they are analyzed only quantitatively. This study has described a qualitative analyzing method of concept maps, developed for investigating the cognitive structures of preservice teachers on some educational concepts. An analysis of the relations between the concepts in concept maps is developed and discussed which was neglected by both qualitative and quantitative analyses in the literature. This analyzing method aims to examine concept maps created by pre-service teachers using “construct-a-map-from-scratch” method centred on multiple key concepts which emphasized the categorization of linkage labels and other connected concepts.

Keywords: Concept Maps, Data Analysis, Qualitative Analyses, Preservice Teachers
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If the goal in education is understanding, problem solving and the ability to use information in new situations, learner-centered approach that like constructivism should prefer. The constructivist learning approach stands in contrast to the dominant paradigm in education, traditional or objectivist paradigm. According to constructivism knowledge is not passively received through the senses, knowledge is actively built up by the learner. In this article, it is explained the meaning of the term “constructivism”, its historical developmet, kinds of constructivism and how this perspective on learning has influenced the development of knowledge instruction.

Keywords: behaviorist learning theory, constructivist learning theory, educational program
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The objective of this research was to find out which communication strategies the fourth and fifth grade primary school students used in their English courses when they were faced with difficulties in various contexts of interaction. The communication strategies that the students used were analysed in three different contexts: ‘classroom interactions’, ‘roleplays’, ‘conversations about daily events and their lives’. The strategies most used were retrieval, transfer from the native language and overgeneralization. Language switch, message reduction, appeal to authority, restructuring, message abandonment, topic avoidance and non-linguistic strategies were also used. The findings of the research revealed that the type of communication strategies used by primary school students in their English courses may change depending on the contexts of interaction and the students’ linguistic and communication competence.

Keywords: communication strategies, interlanguage development, primary school students
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This study examines the competency perception of biology teachers in the use of educational equipment. The sampling group consists of 72 biology teachers who work in Ankara in 2002-2003 scholastic year. A questionnaire has been used in the collection of research data. The results of the data have indicated that biology teachers find themselves rather competent in choosing equipment that are suitable for the class, the level of students, the environment, and the required goals; developing ‘teaching materials’ that are suitable for the aim of the course; teaching students the required information regarding the use of equipment; organizing the class according to the features of the equipment, maintaining and controlling the equipment before and after the class; and assessing the content of the equipment to be used. They have found themselves partially competent in fixing the simple defects; providing access in and out of the school; following the current developments; managing the biology class in the laboratory, whereas they have found themselves rarely competent in finding out about the teaching equipment in City Education Material Center. They have found themselves rarely competent in using technical equipment and fairly competent in using less complicated and technical equipment.

Keywords: biology teaching, use of equipment, teacher competency.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Discovery Laboratory Model to remedy science student teachers’ misconceptions and to enhance level of understanding of force concept. The pre-test including one open-ended question to find out misconceptions was applied to 60 students enrolled at the first year of science teacher-training program. An activity which developed according to the discovery laboratory model to remedy the determined misconceptions was than implemented to 30 different students at the same level at KTU Fatih Education Faculty in 2002-2003 educational year. During the implementation unstructured observations were done. Then, post-test including two open-ended questions was applied. The misconception of “constant motion requires constant force” determined in the pre-test is decreased in the post-test applied after the implementation. The level of understanding about force concept was increased considerably. It is appeared that Discovery Laboratory Model is an effective way of teaching for conceptual development. Therefore, it is suggested that at least some of the laboratory activities should be organized according to Discovery Laboratory Model at Educational faculties.

Keywords: discovery laboratory model, misconception, force concept, physics teaching.
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Within the scope of the study, the topic “Radioactivity” available in the 2nd class high school chemistry lessons was analyzed from the content, teaching and learning activities point of view. The essence of the “Radiation Technology” was especially emphasized in addition to the topics already mentioned in the book and the incorporation of the relevant topic into the education program was recommended. Furthermore, a test on the topic “radioactivity” composed of 20 questions was prepared and applied to 184 students so as to evaluate their knowledge thereupon. Their success was found out to range from 90.8% to 31% accordingly. The correct answer percentage of the students to questions 9 and 19 about radioactive decay and question 17 about the half-life ranges from 33% to 31%. The knowledge of the students about radioactivity was noticed to be confined to the topics available in the school books only. The study showed that the students could not well explain the concept of the radiation technology which is of great importance in health, environment and industry, and they did not have knowledge about its applications.

Keywords: High School 2nd Class Chemistry Book, Radioactivity, Radiation Technology
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On the verge of joining the European Union, Turkey needs well trained young people, especially in the field of foreign languages. However, as is the case in the rest of the world, foreign language in Turkey is taken to mean English. When Turkey’s relations with the European Union are taken into consideration, other European languages, more specifically German, turn out to be very important. Therefore, it is inevitable that graduates of German Language and Literature Departments and of German Language Teaching Departments, who have difficulty in employment, can be seen as valuable potential human resource. Thus, the study points out that the above-mentioned difficulty of employment could be overcome by making the learning of German a second foreign language in the Turkish education system compulsory. Furthermore, undergraduates studying at German Language and Literature Departments can be allowed to take courses from various departments such as tourism, economics and international relations to contribute to the efforts on the way of Turkey’s accession to the European Union

Keywords: German language and literature departments, german language teaching departments, professional objectives
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This study aimed at investigating beginner level English language learners’ perspectives on the listening skill with regard to several dimensions, and to find out the extent to which the learners who have been trained in listening strategies actually use them while listening. The study took place at the English Preparatory School of an English medium university. Forty-one learners participated in this study. The study was based on qualitative data that were collected through two means: a survey questionnaire and think-aloud protocols. The findings indicate that a few students in this study considered themselves good at listening. Not so many students knew about listening strategies and they thought that a training might help them be more successful in English. The results of the think aloud protocols suggest that if students are given training in listening strategies, they will make use of these strategies while listening to texts.

Keywords: English preparatory school, listening skill, strategy use, think-aloud protocols.
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Interest for lessons is an important prerequisite for learning as it addresses both the cognitive and affective fields. Therefore, increasing the interest of students in lessons guarantees more success and a more qualified education. The aim of this study is to examine how the interest of high school students in lessons differ with regard to gender and grade. High school students selected from different sociocultural neighbourhoods of Ankara in 2003-2004 education year constitute the working group of the research. The gender differences with regard to interest for lessons are measured by t-test whereas grade differences are measured by unidirectional variance analysis. The results of the research show that the subjects that male students are most interested in are, respectively, computer, physical education, religious culture and knowledge, mathematics and biology while female students are most interested in, respectively, computer, mathematics, religious culture and knowledge, foreign language and Turkish language and literature. The lessons that both group of students are least interested in are physics and art. The lessons in which there are significant differences between sexes with regard to interest in lessons are physics, foreign language, Turkish language and literature, religious culture and knowledge, physical education and computer. The lessons in which there are significant differences between both male and female students of different grades are geography, history, literature, computer and foreign language

Keywords: high school, lessons, interest in lesson.
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In the present study, the prediction capacity of test anxiety, daily hassles, social support, and gender variables on depression of 8th-11th grades students were examined. The sample of the study included totally 485 (257 female, 228 male). Beck Depression Inventory - Turkish Form (BDI), Test Anxiety Inventory – Turkish Form (TAI), Daily Hassles Scale (DHS), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS-R) were administred in other to gather the data in this study. The data were analyzed by Stepwise Regression technique. Major findings of this study were, test anxiety, daily hassles with family, daily hassles with friends, daily hassles with environment, family support, teacher support, and gender predicted depression of 8th-11th grades students significantly. Peer support and daily hassles with academic life did not predict depression significantly. The findings were discussed in the light of related literature, and suggestion were made.

Keywords: Depression, test anxiety, daily hassles, social support, students
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Within the scope of the study, a total amount of 6 experiments mentioned in the high school 3rd class chemistry book chosen by the Ministry of National Education as the study book were analyzed. The adequacy of the safety data of dangerous chemical substances used throughout the relevant experiments was investigated and relevant suggestions were made to incorporate this topic in the education schedule. Furthermore, 10 questions regarding the “Dangerous Features of the Chemical Substances” were asked to 50 high school 3rd class students in order to assess their knowledge about the possible dangers that might be caused by those chemical substances and whether the students perform any experiment at school. The knowledge percentage of the students were evaluated to be ranging from 20.44% to 70% after having checked their answers. 48 students out of 50 were found out to be carrying out experiments at their chemistry classes.

Keywords: High School 3rd Class Chemistry Book, Dangerous Chemical Substances, Safe Study
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One of the believes that affects the formation of behavior is self-efficacy. It is a very important point in effective education to determine and develop teachers’ self-efficacy that may affect the motivation and performance of the individual. However, due to the problems in the means that are used to evaluate self-efficacy, a need for valid and reliable new means has occured. The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of Teacher’s Self-Efficacy Scale that was developed by Schmitz and Schwarzer in 2000 in Germany for Turkey’s conditions. Reliability alfa values of the original scale in German are .81 and .76. The scale was translated into Turkish by professionals who have a formal German education. The scale was also evaluated by professionals regarding its adaptability to Turkish and content. The scale, that has been re-formed was applied to 87 teachers in order to determine its validity and reliability. According to the results of factor analysis, the scale that is adapted to Turkish is two-dimensional and the number of items in Turkish scale is 8 whereas the number is 10 in original scale. The reliability of the adapted scale was figured by Cronbach alfa and the alfa value for the whole was found .79.

Keywords: self-efficacy, teacher self-efficacy, psychometric scale adaptation.
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In this study, the test items of The Student Selection and Placement Examination for Secondary Education were examined with respect to settlement regions of students in terms of differential item function (DIF). Mantel-Haenszel statistic was used in order to examine differential item functioning. 83 cities in Turkey have been grouped into five categories by The State Planning Organization that used principle component analysis according to social economics indicators. No DIF was observed in Turkish, natural sciences and social sciences subtests. However, DIF was found in one item of mathematics subtest with respect to settlement regions. It was investigated whether DIF’s were due to item bias or item impact.

Keywords: differential item function, item bias, item impact, Mantel-Haenszel
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In this research, the knowledge of the students who learnt biology at the high school, on biological subjects related with the daily life and their attitudes about applying this knowledge were aimed to be determined. A biology success test regarding the daily life, including biological subjects concerned with the daily life and applying for the people who graduated from high school and a scale had been prepared, in order to determine the behaviors got in the biology lessons, that could be carried out or not in the daily life. This scale and success test had been carried out on 182 students attending to the department of high school of foreign languages of the Hacettepe University. In the result of the achievement test and scale it had been learnt that people have incorrect and insufficient knowledge on the subjects of biology concerned with the daily life. And it had been carried out that people are in the tendency of having incorrect behaviors. It had been found out that this situation is not only because of the insufficiencies of the programs in intermediate schools but also the great effects of the society affecting the behaviors of the people with its tradition.

Keywords: daily life, biology education, secondary instruction
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The importance of information literacy for teachers has been recognized. Because of their mentor roles teachers should not only possess information literacy skills but also feel confident and competent in the use of these skills. In other words, teachers should develop high level self-efficacy beliefs for information literacy skills. In this paper, the level of teachers’ information literacy self efficacy beliefs and its relevance with their age, branches and levels they taught, and the schools they graduate from were examined.

Keywords: information literacy, self-efficacy belief, teachers.
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The aim of this research is to examine the effect of e-learning and cognitive style on student achievement and perceived Internet self-efficacy. The study was based on three groups, which were designed according to Posttest Control Group Model. One of them was an experimental group, which took an MS Excel® course with e-learning. The others were the control groups, which took the same course with the face to face instructional method. At the end of the research, no significant difference was found between e-learning and face to face instructional methods, due to achievement while there was a significant difference between field dependent and field independent cognitive styles. Field independent students were more successful than field dependent students. In addition, students who did not have any prior knowledge were more successful in the lecture with lab-supported activities. There was also a significant difference among the students according to e-learning and face to face instructional methods with respect to perceived Internet self-efficacy. The students who were enrolled in e-learning showed more higher perceived Internet self-efficacy. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in students’ Internet self-efficacy due to cognitive styles.

Keywords: e-learning, distance education, cognitive style, perceived Internet self-efficacy, Web-based learning, Excel education, field dependent, field independent
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