This study investigated the opportunities available for Lycee biology teachers to teach biology topics in an applied manner. Such opportunities and facilities (laboratories, field trips, etc) are closely related to the economic resources of the schools concerned. A questionnaire was applied to biology teachers in selected Lycees in Ankara in order to the determine the situation. According to the results obtained, opportunities and facilities available to Lycee biology teachers for dealing with biology topies in an applied mannerwere insufficient.

Keywords: Lycee Biology Courses. Practical Studies in Biology Teaching. Biology Practical in Lycee.
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The purpose of the study is to determine how to vary the income resources of primary education, who will be responsible for the use of these resources and in what areas these resources will be used. The sample includes 230 school principals, 460 teachers and 460 parents. Data were collected through a questionnaire developed by the authorherself. Data were analysed using xL test. At the end of analysis, the following findings are found out: i. A primary education fund must be formed by imposing additional i% to corporation income tax and vehic1c purchase tax and by allocating i point of VAT and this fund wouJd be under the authority of provincial administrial units of the Ministry of National Education, 2. A school fund must be formed using the financial resources created through the school buses, selling the books and leasing the school garden and this fund must be under the authority of a mixed commission, 3.These funds must be used to purchase stationery, cleaning equipment and health care equipment and to perform minor maintenance such as painting, whitewash, major maintenanceactivities and constructionof school buildings.

Keywords: School principal, Teacher. Parents. Finance. Expenditure. Authority.
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Over the ]ast decade, the intensity and variety of the knowledge and skills that the students must gain has increased enourmously. This indicates that qualitative and quantitaıive changes in preservice and in-service education of teachers is a necessity. ]n this artiele, new approaches and concepts that have become a priority in relaıion with teacher educaıion will be discussed, and some suggestions for the reconstruction of teacher education will be made.

Keywords: Teacher Education, Case Method Teaching, Professional Development Schools, School-centered Decision Making.
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Science education is one of the effective courses that develops students' scientific thinking skills. Using laboratory studies in science instruction is importantfor reaching the aims of science. Laboratory work must be planned and organized carefully because of the danger it may cause. During science teaching, science tcacher must know and use the possible ways of preventing danger while students are working on thcir experiments. Teachers must gain these knowledge and skills during ıheir preservice or inservice education. However, in our country this education is stili not adequate during prcservice teacher training. The aim of this paper is to discuss the topics that should be taken into attention while sciencc instructionand to suggest a checklist for teachcrs. Also some suggestions for effective and safe science insıruction is givcn at ıhe end of the paper.

Keywords: Science Instruction, Safety in Science Teaching, Laboratory Rules, Safety in Lab
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This research is a descriptive studyand aimed to determine the profile of secondary healthcare teachers; their problems; and their opinions on healthcare courses. For this purpose, firstly, the content of healthcare courses was analyzed, lastly, a questionnaire was developed to gather teachers opinions about the courses. Sampling of the research includes LOteachers who were chosen randomly from five secondary education schools in Ankara. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts; Personal information (such as age, educational background, marital status etc.) and teachers opinions about the courses.

Keywords: Healthcare Courses, Secondary Education, Science Education. Biology Education.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the strength of prediction variables on the learning level in mathematics and social studies given in the fourthclass of the elementary schooL. In social studies, the most strongly predicative variable on ıhe learning level had been cognitive entry behavior. Then, pre-Iesl, academic self concept and abiliıy had been recognized as predicative. In mathemaıics, ıhe most strongly predicative variable on the learning level had been pre-ıest. Alsa, cogniıive entry behavior and academic self concept had been predicative.

Keywords: Learning level, The strong of Prediction, Teaching of the Social Studies, Teaching of the Mathematics
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Do the formu]as which is made in order to eliminate effect of choice in the test scores in muJtipJe choice tests retlect actual reality? In this research which is regarding this question all respondents were lold to answer all quesıion, then ıhese question were asked "whether if ıhey found right answer or nol" and "if not, how many optioııs did they eliminate?" Besides, they were also asked "what would you do?" if they were not told to answer "all questions" According their answers, most of the respondents claimed that they choose right answers by beJiving that ıhey find the right answer and if they couJd not find right answer they prefered not lo choice the options or choice righı answer randamly instead of ejiminating the options in order lO increase their chance.The result of the research showed that this situation did not change for respondents who found the correct answers and thougt that they found the correct answer.lt has been seen that methods which were proposed in order to eliminate effect of clıance make corrections both for test statistics and lest scores however, wrong answers delete the right answers iıı a certain ratio, correcıion formula causen the great elimination.

Keywords: Multiple Choice Test, Effect of Chance, Chance Effect Formula
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In an earlier study by this author on the Chemistry curriculums in the Turkish Secondary Education. iı has been found that three main curriculums have been employed since the foundation of Modern Turkey (1923, Republic of Turkey):Classic Curriculum (1930- i 980); Modern Curriculum (1970- 1992); Present Curricu- ]um (Subject Accreditation: 1992+). The present paper is a report of the study conducted on the scope and timing of the fuel!energy/ environment subjecls in the text books according to the early (Classic) and present (Subject Accreditation) curriculums for EJementary ( 1-8th Years) and Secondary levels (9-11 th Years). The study reveals that Classical curriculum text books are appropriately designed for the readiness and motivaıion of the pupils whereas the present curriculum text books overlook the readiness of the pupils in the elementary levels and do not build on in the secondaı'y leveJs. The investigation conducted on the effectiveness of the methodology presently used in the teaching of fuel! energy/environment topic reveals that although in the elementary levels knowledge is piled up, it is lost in the secondary Jevels since there is no continuation in teaching from year to year.

Keywords: Fuel; Energy; Environment; Elementary and Secondary Education, Curriculum
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When preparing Chemistry Coursebooks in accordance with school curriculum, it is necessory to arrange them for the purpose of providing learners with adequate learning. In recent years, instructors have become free to choose the coursebook they will use. However, coursebooks chosen by instructors must be accepted as coursebook beforehand by Ministry of Education, Training and EducatiOll Commille. After choosing six different samples of Chemistry books used in the XL th year classes of various secondary education institutions in Ankara, these six different Chemistry books have been analyzed in terms of content, the way of experssion, the suitability level to the students' interests and expectations, formjdimension. In parallel to this, the same treatment has been applied to 50 Chemistry teacher through the prepared questions. The results we have found out in this study were supported by the results of teachers evaluation. it follows from this that the need for renewing the Chemistry III. Corsebooks used in secondary schools, determining the lacking points in coursebooks; especially suggestions for new experiments, emiching coursebooks with thearetical knowledge and practice so as to enable students to answer questions in University Entrance Exams (ÖSS - ÖYS) has come out.

Keywords: Chemistry III Coursebooks, Contents, Suitability Level of Coursebooks to the Students.
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When we look at the population presen! in many parts of the world, at a scale to force the possibilities of the current environment; the pressure exerted by this population to the resources and ecological system of the earth; the nutrition; the settlement; the education; the ditTiculties we are having in health services; the deereasing types of living creatures; increased pollution; the elimate changes, the rapid urbanization, the unhealthy industrialization it can be seen that they have created important environmental problems at a time when the world is approaching to 21st century. The most basic way of coping with these environmental problems, is the one that passes through the conscious and organized education. To have environmental consciousness gained became a necessity, because of the increased environmental problem s wc are facing. With this purpose, in the educationaJ programs, starting from the primary education level and continuing until university, the concept of "Environment" must be studied, in the most suitable manner and with a wide coverage and the environmental education must not be overlooked, in trainig individuaJs, at every, level. In this study, the conceptual knowledge about the environment was gathered with individuals in current university level and measurements made along with efforts to develop proposals, to widen the environmental phenomena.

Keywords: The Fact of Environment, The Student of University, The Measures for the Environment Protection
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Concept mapping is one of the most promising developments in education. In this paper, it is explained why concept maps are essential tools for teaching, learning, planning and how you can use concept mapping may be new to science teaching and learning. it is arecent development that is becoming more widely used as constructivist learning models are more accepted in science education. Concept mapping is perhaps the most important innovationto help children producemeaningfullearriing in classrooms. Concept mapping is a teaching and learning strategy that provides a bridge beıween whal we know about how people learn and meaningful learning. A concept map is a two-dimensional diagram that shows the interrelalionships of concepls under a broader concepl headingo A concept map depicts how ıhe mapmaker links one conrept to anoıher. In ıhis paper, concept map properıies are discussed like that "Whal is concepl mapping?", Why are concept maps usefu'?", "What are the specifir components of concept maps'?", How can i use concept mapping in difl'erent stage of srienre education'?"

Keywords: Concept Map, Science Teaching
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lt is observed that parallel to social and economic development, higher education systems have undergone significant structural and functional transformations. In the last 25-30 years, rapid and comprehensive changes have occurred in higher education systems of industrialised countries. Short-cycle institutions (SCIs) named as non-university sector (NUS) have had a great dea! of importance in the process of this change and development. Community Colleges in the USA and Canada, Junior Colleges in Japan, Institutes Universitaires de Technologie (IUTs) in France and Regional Colleges in Norway can be given as typical examples of short-cycle institutions. Similar to the western examples, short-cycle cducation institutions have occupied an importance place in Turkish higher education system. Especially, after the 1981 regulations, with the aims of expanding higher edu ca tion capacities and responding to ancillary manpower of economy, Vocational Higher Schools (VHSs) have come into foreground and profound improvements were realised. In this paper, Turkey's experiences in the period of ı 950- i 980 and the years following 1981 are presented and some recommendations are made for the future.

Keywords: Short-cycle Higher Education, Higher Education. Non-university Sector. Ancillary Manpower, Vocational Higher Education, Turkey.
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This study introduces the literary personality and literary concept of the contemporary Austrian writer Peter Handke, who writes in Gennan language. Handke is foremost of the writers to possess pioneering features in modern German Literature. Since 1960's, the development process of German Literature has various parallellisms with those ofHandke. Peter Handke is among the outstanding writers of the movement of 'Neue Subjektivitat'. First in 1966, barely at beginning of his literature career, he managed to get himself noticed, in particular, with the attitude he adopted against realistic literature at the meeting of Gruppe 47. He produced so many works in poetry and play in addition to modernist novel and fiction. in his works, Handke always tried to come up with new styles. Particularly in works of literature, Handke, stressing the importance of form against that of content, takes side against the desire of reflecting the reality, valid in traditional literature. Handke is one of the modernist writers who defend the view that a work of literature can express what it wishes to by using features of form and style. Handke, who discusses philosophical matters such as "language problem", uses some of the main fiction elements of the postmodern literature in his works especially since 1980's. Generally, it is possible to say that today Handke continues his commitment to the principles he. adopted at the beginning of his writing career. However, in his recent works, certain differences can be notieed in relation to both content and style. The differences in his works show similar tendencies to those of literature works published in 80's and 90's. These tendencies are in fact those tendencies present in transition from modernist literature to postmodernist literature.

Keywords: Handke. Language Problem. Postmodern.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Arithmetic Polynom on addition and subtraction to operation technics for students on the achievement in mathematics given on the second class of the elementary school.

Keywords: Addition and Subtraction Operations, Arithmetical Polynom, Place Value, Teaching of the Mathematics
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